The key to this puzzle (besides a working knowledge of Minecraft crafting recipes, which can either be previously known or learned for this puzzle) is that the entire 9×9 field of crafting tables can be treated as one larger crafting table. Components for the recipes can be crafted at the smaller tables. The easiest way to figure this out is to start with the food recipe. Six beetroots suggests beetroot stew, but there is no bowl. However, in the lower center crafting table, there are three wood planks arranged to form a bowl, which can then be combined with the six beetroots to make the beetroot stew.
Food – Beetroot Stew: Three planks make a bowl, then combine with the beetroots to make beetroot stew 
Journal – Book and Quill: Leather and three paper make a book, which combines with a feather and an ink sac to make a writable book 
Container – Glass Bottle: Three glass make a bottle 
Explosive – Firework Rocket: The gunpowder, yellow die, diamond, and gold nugget can be combined into a firework star, which makes a firework rocked when combined with the paper and the gunpowder 
Armor – Gold Helmet: Five gold ingots make the gold helmet 
Tool – Diamond Axe: Two sticks and three diamonds make an axe 
Furniture – Bed: Each square of string makes a wool, then three wool and three wood planks make a bed 
Magic Furniture – Enchanting Table: Leather and three paper make a book, which combines with the obsidian and diamonds to make an enchanting table 
Workstation – Cauldron: Seven iron makes a cauldron 
Workstation – Grindstone: Three stone make a stone slab, which combines with two planks and two sticks to make a grindstone 
Answer – Lantern: The remaining stick and coal make a torch, which forms a lantern when surrounded by iron nuggets
Once we craft all of these items, the only items are a stick and coal in the center grid, and iron nuggets around the outside. The stick and coal can make a torch, which when combined with the iron nuggets forms a LANTERN.